Many refugees carry a distinct type of trauma: ‘moral injury’
Trauma is usually fear-based, but refugees are also burdened by witnessing moral violations and their own ethical dilemmas
by Angela Nickerson & Philippa Specker
Angela Nickerson is professor of psychology and director of the Refugee Trauma and Recovery Program at UNSW Sydney in Australia. She is president-elect of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
Written by Angela Nickerson