Freedom and choice

Photo of a woman leaning on a red pillar in a subway station as a train speeds by in a blur.

How to know what you really want

From career choices to new purchases, use René Girard’s mimetic theory to resist the herd and forge your own path in life

by Luke Burgis

Photo of a masked officer talking to two seated people outside Les Deux Magots cafe in Paris.

In a pandemic we learn again what Sartre meant by being free

What the Nazi occupation was for Sartre, the COVID-19 pandemic is for us: an opportunity to relearn what it means to be free

by Julian Baggini

Photo of an elderly man with grey hair in front of a bookshelf filled with colourful books.

To Karl Jaspers, uncertainty is not to be overcome but understood

The existentialist Karl Jaspers believed uncertainty ungirds human existence: better to recognise this than rage against it

by Carmen Lea Dege

Photo of glass doors with push handles leading outside. A blurred car is visible through the doors.

How to think about free will

You can’t escape cause and effect, but there is a way of viewing human agency that is motivating, plausible and humane

by Julian Baggini

Photo of an antique celestial globe with brass armillary sphere detailing constellations on a decorative background.

Recognise free will is an illusion and reap the emotional benefits

The idea that all our choices are determined by past events may seem dispiriting – but it can be emotionally liberating

by Francis Merson

Photo of a patient in surgery with head stabilised by a frame; medical staff holding instruments in the background.

What removing large chunks of brain taught me about selfhood

I’ve cut brains in half, excised tumours – even removed entire lobes. The illusion of the self and free will survives it all

by Theodore H Schwartz

Photo of a person diving into an ice hole on a frozen river landscape with ice chunks and distant trees visible.

The three reasons why it’s good for you to believe in free will

Regardless of whether humans do or don’t have free will, psychological research shows it’s beneficial to act as if you do

by Kennon Sheldon

Photo of three people admiring a large manatee sculpture in an art gallery.

Dare to speak your mind and together we flourish

Reason emerges through dialogue with others. To truly flourish, stop self-censoring and risk your status to speak your mind

by Hrishikesh Joshi

Black and white photo of two men, one in military uniform leaning over the other, who sits looking serious.

Brainwashing has a grim history that we shouldn’t dismiss

Scientific research and historical accounts can help us identify and dissect the threat of ‘coercive persuasion’

by Joel E Dimsdale

Painting of the Siege of the Bastille depicting a chaotic scene with armed people, buildings and a fortress under attack.

Freedom needs friction: lessons in choice from French history

The French Revolution set freedom on a collision course with choice, showing how a break with habit can author a new self

by Larry S McGrath

Black and white photo of a topless person covering their chest with a hand wearing a bracelet.

I chose to go flat after breast cancer surgery. I have no regrets

Breast reconstruction following surgery to remove cancer owes more to the cosmetic industry than to medical science

by Sarah Cretch

Photo of an elderly person in a wheelchair on a beach facing a large picture of a forest and shrine.

Nourish your imagination and you will be forever free

The imagination is fundamental to the human experience, freeing us from physical confines and anchoring us during unrest

by Tania Zittoun

Photo of children sitting at a wooden desk in a classroom with drawings on the wall.

Why I shut down an argument in my philosophy for children class

To provide the free, open conditions needed to do philosophy for children can sometimes mean restricting what gets said

by Amy Reed-Sandoval

Photo of a red taxi with passengers in an urban setting, a sign saying “Life is War” visible in the background.

Relationships are important, but so is feeling free to end them

Comparing ‘relational mobility’ and people’s average happiness across different cultures reveals some intriguing patterns

by Thomas Talhelm & Liuqing Wei

A wooden box filled with vintage black-and-white photos, some faded, shown in an artistic photograph.

I’m childfree by choice. Should I feel guilty about ending my line?

My uterus is not my ancestors’ vessel for future progeny. What’s the impact of my choice on my family’s genetic lineage?

by Starre Vartan

A naked young woman walking on a rippled sandy beach towards the sea, clear blue water and distant islands in view.

For Lucy, surviving on a remote island was hard, but returning was harder

Directed by Jesper Wachtmeister