Need to know
‘Shadow’ is the term used by Carl Gustav Jung to refer to those aspects of yourself that you do not like or want to be associated with. You might even refuse to acknowledge them as being a part of you. They can range from the fact you’re a bit controlling, all the way to having a drive towards world domination.
For a contemporary fictional depiction of the Shadow, take the Netflix series Ripley (2024). This is the latest adaptation of Patricia Highsmith’s brilliant novel The Talented Mr Ripley (1955). The protagonist – Tom Ripley – is shown at various points taking on the character of Dickie whose identity he steals and whom he murders. The look on Ripley’s face as he adopts the character is utterly chilling. He becomes someone else.
In the guise of Dickie, Ripley is able to become all sorts of things that his regular persona does not allow. He is acting on his envy of Dickie’s glamour and wealthy, upper-class life. This could be described as an extreme portrayal of the Shadow in film.
Envy is often the fuel behind Shadow-driven actions – thankfully, not usually so extreme as murder – such as betrayal, connivance and one-upmanship. Envy is such an unpleasant and repulsive feeling that it can easily become denied at a conscious level, but then it breaks through in unexpected ways. Sigmund Freud called this the ‘return of the repressed’. Does that ring any bells? I expect we have all had such experiences, whether as the one envying or on the receiving end.
If these ugly behaviours are a manifestation of your Shadow self, why would you even want to know about it? Well, you might find it helps you live a more authentic life; a life in which you more fully incorporate your potential and feel more whole. This could include becoming more accepting of those aspects of yourself that feel distasteful. It is often easy to point fingers at those who repel us and to think how awful they are. But sometimes you might find that they are acting as a kind of mirror, reflecting back qualities you find abhorrent, but that you actually possess yourself, as uncomfortable and unwelcome as that idea might be.
Coming to terms with these unwanted aspects of ourselves is arguably a necessary struggle in life. It enables us to take responsibility for our faults, our failings or shortcomings, and to blame others less. This can create deeper and more meaningful relationships. (There is also such a thing as the collective Shadow, mirroring Jung’s model of the psyche, which has both a personal and a collective unconscious, but exploring the collective Shadow is beyond the scope of this article.)
Jung was a pioneer in his field who established analytical psychology as a discipline. As a young man, he was seen as Freud’s intellectual heir, but their differences in approach soon became apparent and they went their separate ways. For Jung, his theory of the Shadow was not merely an intellectual idea, but a fully embodied, deep journey into his own soul, to mine what he instinctively felt led to profound truths. He explored his own soul so deeply that some thought he had lost the plot and called him ‘schizophrenic’ (which he was not) or thought he’d had a psychotic breakdown (which he had not).
Jung’s own experiences show that delving into and excavating the depths of your Shadow is not a task to be taken lightly. The journey is downwards and inner. It can be seen as a descent into ‘hell’ and it can indeed be quite hellish. Facing the Shadow can involve facing shame, perhaps fears of annihilation, vulnerability, alienation, envy, guilt or blame. All the stuff that is so hard to acknowledge and experience.
I don’t mean to scare you off. Many of us do this work and derive great benefit from it. There are aspects of ourselves buried in the Shadows that need to be discovered, uncovered and incorporated in order for us to become more whole human beings. To live only in the lighter, more socially valued and acceptable aspects of life can make for a shallow existence. That can leave us less able to create deep and fulfilling relationships in life and instead leave us feeling empty or hollow.
You will find books that talk about ‘making friends’ with your Shadow and such like. That is a bit like trying to stroke a tiger. Or a tarantula! The method par excellence to work with the Shadow is to find a Jungian analyst. But this is not available to everyone because it is expensive and time consuming. So I am setting out some useful ways in which you might begin to acknowledge and/or work with the Shadow by yourself. If at any stage you feel overwhelmed by the process, please consider seeking out the support of a professional therapist.