History and philosophy of mental health

Black and white photo of soldiers walking on a ridge with their reflections in the water below.

One woman’s six-word mantra that has helped to calm millions

Ahead of her time, yet largely ignored by psychiatry, Claire Weekes taught millions of readers how to overcome anxiety

by Judith Hoare

Ancient Chinese painting of a procession with figures holding banners and an umbrella on a brown scroll background.

Chinese philosophy has long known that mental health is communal

The early Chinese philosophers knew that a healthy mind comes from a harmonious community, not a matter for individuals alone

by Alexus McLeod

Blurry photo of a person with a colourful neon sign reflected in a window at night.

Mental disorders aren’t diseases, they’re networks of symptoms

Mental disorders are usually seen as the causes of symptoms. In the network perspective, symptoms are causes themselves

by Richard J McNally

Photo of a man and child seated in a stroller on a beach path surrounded by seagulls with the ocean in the background.

For Donald Winnicott, the psyche is not inside us but between us

For Donald Winnicott, your psyche isn’t just in your head – it emerges from your relationships with others and the world

by James Barnes

Photo of a blue sky with scattered white clouds and larger clouds forming on one side.

See faces in the clouds? It might be a sign of your creativity

Long considered a sign of mental illness, ‘pareidolia’ or seeing patterns in randomness might be a useful measure of creativity

by René Müri & Nicole Göbel

A photo of a man in patterned clothing sitting on tables in a room with mural of palm trees and water, surrounded by furniture.

Frantz Fanon and the crisis of mental health in the Arab world

Where is Frantz Fanon’s postcolonial ‘new man’ to be found in the persistence of psychiatric institutions in the Arab world?

by Joelle M Abi-Rached

Abstract painting of a woman with geometric shapes in pastel colours, featuring a blend of blues, greens and yellows.

What a psychiatric diagnosis means – and what it doesn’t mean

With stigma and misunderstanding surrounding mental health, it’s vital to know the benefits and limits of a formal diagnosis

by Awais Aftab

Photo of a mural depicting a person and a horse on a tall building with two men in the foreground looking up.

Beliefs have a social purpose. Does this explain delusions?

Beliefs have a social purpose. To understand delusions, let’s focus on why they’re so often about other people

by Anna Greenburgh

Black and white photo of two men, one in military uniform leaning over the other, who sits looking serious.

Brainwashing has a grim history that we shouldn’t dismiss

Scientific research and historical accounts can help us identify and dissect the threat of ‘coercive persuasion’

by Joel E Dimsdale

A woman wearing a black gown and veil, and gold and turquoise jewellery raises her harms with eyes closed; musicians wearing headdresses play drums in the background in a dimly lit setting.

What rituals from the past teach us about panic and anxiety

In the sensory and communal modes of healing that people have used throughout history, there is guidance for today

by Mariem El-Kady

Illustration of a nurse pouring a drink for a seated man at a table with flowers and a book.

What we lose by being overly scientific about healthcare

Empirical studies tell us about treatment outcomes, but they overlook the cultural dynamics that can help us feel better

by Ana Todorović

A painting of a figure standing near a bed with a patterned red and cream wall in the background.

Philosophy can help us connect, even in the face of psychosis

How phenomenological tools can help foster a relationship of true listening between clinicians and people with psychosis

by Rosa Ritunnano & Kasim Qureshi

Photo of a man holding laundry in a dimly lit room with shelves, a microwave and a curtain on the left.

What do Japan’s hikikomori reveal about our lonely world?

Unemployed and isolated, the residents of a hikikomori rehab centre hold up a mirror to a society that’s failing them

by Alain Julian

Black and white photo of a family dining, with a man in a checked shirt, a woman drinking tea and a girl looking on.

Mental health is not an individual matter, but a political one

Decades ago, pioneering research linked mental illness and economic deprivation. It’s time to take the implications seriously

by Matthew Smith

Photo of a person with a bun sitting by a window smoking. Sunlight streams in highlighting smoke tendrils and a plant.

A broad definition of trauma is useful; an open-ended one isn’t

Trauma encompasses a variety of experiences and manifests in many ways. But there are risks to stretching the concept too far

by Ahona Guha

Black and white photo of a man in glasses and a suit speaking, seated indoors with window blinds in the background.

Can an entire society be mentally ill? A perspective from 1960

Video by The Search for America